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Material Cause:
- The matter that makes up an object, like the chemical composition of an apple.
Formal Cause:
- The unique form or structure that defines the object’s identity.
Efficient Cause:
- The process or event that brings an object into existence, such as the growth of the apple tree.
Final Cause:
- The ultimate purpose or potential of an object, like the apple’s potential to grow into an apple tree.
🌱 Potency and Actuality:
Objects have potency (potential) and actuality (realized potential).
An apple, for example, has the potency to become a mature apple tree.
⏰ Prime Mover:
Aristotle proposes a prime mover or unmoved mover as the ultimate cause, not caused by anything else.
This prime mover elicits love and serves as the final cause, attracting all things towards itself.
It moves the cosmos by inspiring intelligibility and love.